海外専門家コメント
親から10代子どもへのアルコール提供、過度な飲酒防止にならず有害
・これは、2018年1月28日にジャーナリスト向けに発行したサイエンス・アラートです。
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親から10代子どもへのアルコール提供、過度な飲酒防止にならず有害 :海外専門家コメント
豪・ニューサウスウェールズ大の研究グループは、親による10代の子供へのアルコール提供は飲酒に伴う様々なリスクの防止になるどころか、むしろ飲酒頻度を上げてしまっているとの研究結果を発表。オーストラリアに住む12歳-18歳までの約1900人を対象にした調査によるもの。アルコールの問題が起こりやすい低所得層が調査対象に入っておらず飲酒量も調査していないという研究設計上の限界があるものの、10代の飲酒は一貫して有害であるとの結果。
論文は1月25日付のThe Lancet Public Healthに掲載。この件についての海外専門家コメント(原文)をお送りします。
論文リンク
The Lancet Public Health
Association of parental supply of alcohol with adolescent drinking, alcohol-related harms, and alcohol use disorder symptoms: a prospective cohort study
http://www.bmj.com/content/360/bmj.j5845
Dr Ruth McGovern
Senior Research Associate and NIHR Post Doctorate Fellow, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University
原文
“The article by Mattick and colleagues published in the Lancet Public Health offers a valuable contribution to its field. To date, there has been no prospective research examining the associations between parental supply of alcohol, supply from other sources and alcohol outcomes in adolescents. This high quality study follows a large cohort of adolescents from age 12 to 17 years into a period of adolescence when risk-taking behaviours and associated problems begin to emerge; providing robust evidence that parental supply of alcohol does not offer protection. This has important implications for parents aiming to promote healthy choices in their children. Whilst it is not possible to discount the fact that some adolescents might drink because they think it will be pleasurable, parents should be advised that the safest approach is not to supply alcohol to children below the legal purchase age.”
Dr James Nicholls
Director of Research and Policy Development, Alcohol Research UK
原文
“This study adds to the evidence that parental supply of alcohol to children is, by itself, unlikely to prevent later harms. Predictably, it finds that children who have no access to alcohol experience the least alcohol-related problems. It also finds, confirming similar recent studies, that the most serious harms are associated with children accessing alcohol from sources other than their parents.
“However, the study also suggests that it was more likely that young people will go on to get alcohol from other sources if they had parental supply. In other words, it finds no evidence that giving alcohol to children, by itself, will make them less likely to drink (and get drunk) later on.
“The findings only tell us whether alcohol was supplied by parents, not the context in which it occurs; therefore, it can’t say whether the way in which parents supply, or talk about, alcohol has an effect on later outcomes. However, it provides yet more evidence that the ‘continental’ approach to introducing children to alcohol, at least in high-consuming countries, does little to prevent heavier drinking later on. Indeed, it may do the reverse.”
Dr Liz Temple
Senior Lecturer in Psychology at the University of New England
原文
"The release of this research on Australia Day, which is viewed by many Australians as an opportunity for increased alcohol consumption (if not binge-drinking), is certainly timely.
The study clearly shows the obvious: regardless of the source, consumption of alcohol by high school students is associated with some level of risk.
However, the ‘take-home’ message for parents is muddied by not calculating the risks separately for providing ‘sips’ of alcohol in comparison to a full standard drink (e.g., a glass of wine, a beer or cider, a shot of vodka, etc.). There is most likely a vast difference in the levels of risk associated with sips vs. full drinks across the range of harms measured, which will also likely vary for adolescents of different ages (e.g., higher risk at 12 years than 17 years), and for a variety of reasons (e.g., dose vs. body-size, stage of brain development, etc.).
It would, therefore, be useful for the study data to be analysed in greater depth, enabling the development of more detailed advice for parents.
The conclusion that “there is no evidence to support the view that parental supply protects from adverse drinking outcomes by providing alcohol to their child” is also somewhat misleading. Specifically, it is based on the assumption that, if there was no parental supply of alcohol, adolescents would not consume any alcohol at all. While this may be true for some teenagers, (as their data shows) it is clearly not the case for many.
If the assumption was, instead, that “adolescents who are not supplied with alcohol by their parents will seek alternate sources”, the conclusion would be the opposite. That is, the results clearly indicate a higher level of risk of harms for adolescents who are supplied alcohol by people other than their parents.
As such, I think there is a need to look at the data in a more detailed manner before we suggest that allowing your 16 year old a sip of beer on Australia Day might increase their risk of future binge-drinking."
Dr Melissa Norberg
Associate Professor and Deputy Director at the Centre for Emotional Health and the Head of the Behavioural Science Laboratory in the Department of Psychology at Macquarie University
原文
"The study published by Mattick and colleagues (2018) provides a great resource for parents.
Parents may be tempted to supply alcohol to their children, perhaps thinking that “it will be better if I give it to them than someone else” or 'it may ensure that in this instance their drinking leads to no harms.'
Although the study does not shed light on what happens during a single occasion, it does tell us that parental supply of alcohol increases risk over no supply.
This makes sense. If adolescents cannot access alcohol, then they will be unable to experience problems from drinking.
Importantly, this study also has found that parental supply of alcohol doubled the odds of adolescents later having alcohol supplied through other sources. Adolescents who received alcohol from parents and other sources were the most likely to experience alcohol-related problems.
Thus, these data tell us that in the long-run, supplying alcohol to our adolescent children is not a great idea."
Elizabeth Elliott AM
Professor of Paediatrics & Child Health at University of Sydney, Children's Hospital Westmead and Director of the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit
原文
"This very important longitudinal study clearly indicates that parents should not be encouraging drinking in their teenage children.
Contrary to previously touted “advice” that parents may encourage safe drinking practices by supplying their children with alcohol from an early age, this study confirms that the early provision of alcohol by parents only is harmful, not protective – it more than doubles the later risk of binge or risky drinking, alcohol related harms, and symptoms of alcohol use disorder.
In Australia it is illegal for someone under 18 years of age to buy alcohol, so it is somewhat surprising that 15 per cent of Year 7 children with a mean age of 12 years were given alcohol by their parents, often for special occasions and albeit in small amounts.
The health, social and economic costs of alcohol use in Australia are enormous and we must alert parents to the harms of supplying alcohol to children and support them to avoid doing so.
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